The blackness values of clay brick and silica brick at high temperature are 0.61-0.62 at 1000℃, 0.52-0.53 at 1200℃ and 0.47-0.49 at 1400℃. The blackness value of fused refractory bricks at high temperature is 0.4-0.5), which can increase the radiation heat of flame space to molten glass.

It is the carbon particles in the flame and the inner wall surface of the kiln space that can emit radiation energy with a wavelength less than 3 microns. Therefore, it is related to the roughness and temperature of the masonry surface to improve the blackness of the flame (by means of oxygen-deficient heat medium or carbon-increasing measures) and maintain the high blackness of the kiln masonry. Eliminate the "cold air" film near the liquid surface. Pay attention to the height of the bottom plate of the small furnace from the liquid level and the angle of flame ejection. We can also consider the construction price of glass kiln and the measures of blowing oxygen to help melt (after blowing oxygen at a speed of 195-500m/s abroad, the heat transfer speed is accelerated, and the flame temperature near the liquid surface is increased by about 100℃).

In some factories, the glass furnace design service has reached the level of first-class furnace or special-class furnace. But compared with foreign countries, there is still a big gap. So we have to work hard to further reduce energy consumption. In recent years, we have taken many energy-saving measures in the aspects of glass materials, charging system, combustion system, kiln structure, kiln body insulation, waste heat utilization, operation control, glass kiln construction and so on, and achieved great results.